SHEN WEN QUAN
Vice-chairman，Science & Technology Committee CNNC
沈文權 中國核工業集團公司科技委 副主任
中國核電國產化論壇
Forum on Nuclear Power Localization in China
2006.3.30. Beijing.
General 綜述
Considering Energy and environment safety, nuclear power development is the must in China, especially in coast area. By 2020, the planned nuclear power capacity will be 40 GW, about 4% share of total installed electric capacity. 考慮到能源安全和環境安全，中國發展核電是必由之路，特別是在沿海地區。2020年，計劃的核電容量將達到40GW，占電力總容量約4%。
Obviously, after 2020, in China the usable hydropower site getting less and less, while the coal power having more impact on environment, the nuclear power will develop much faster in a larger scale, and its importance in the China’s energy frame be indubitable. 顯然，2020年以后，中國可用的水電廠址越來越少，同時煤電對環境的壓力也越來越大，核電發展的規模將會更大，它在中國能源結構中的重要性是毋用置疑的。
Development Status 發展現狀
There are 9 operating units which have an installed capacity of 6998MW ( accounting for 1.59% of the gross capacity ), presenting approximately 2.3% of total electric generation in mainland of China. The safe operation of all operating NPPs has been always kept in good condition. At current, there is still a lower proportion of the nuclear power to total power generation in China.
Recently, the State Council has agreed to start 4 nuclear power projects (8 units altogether), namely Qinshan II extension, Linao phase II, Sanmen and Yangjiang NPPs. The nuclear power is stepping into a new era of a broad perspective in China.
目前中國大陸上正在運行的核電機組共有9臺，裝機容量達6998兆瓦，占總裝機容量1.59%，占總發電量2.3%。始終保持安全運行的良好記錄。現在核電在總電量的份額仍然較低。最近國務院已經批準了4個新的核電項目（共8臺機組），它們是：秦山二期擴建，嶺東，三門和陽江核電站。中國的核電進入了加快發展的新紀元。
Status of NPP in 2005 核電廠現狀
Site
廠址 Capacity/Type
容量/堆型 Date on Grid
并網日期 Capability Factor
能力因子(%)
Qinshan I 300MW/PWR 1991.12.15. 87.02
Daya Bay -1 900MW/PWR 1993.08.31. 89.96
-2 900MW/PWR 1994.02.07.
Qinshan II -1 600MW/PWR 2002.02.01. 86.70
-2 600MW/PWR 2004.03.11.
Lingao -1 984MW/PWR 2002.04.05. 87.16
-2 984MW/PWR 2002.12.15.
Qinshan III -1 700MW/PHWR 2002.11.10 80.98
-2 700MW/PHWR 2003.06.12.
Tianwan -1 1000MW/PWR 2006.04.
-2 1000MW/PWR 2006.12.
NPP Operation performance above Medium核電站運行水平達到國際中等偏上水平
Compared with the WANO plant performance indicators, most of them have been above the medium levels and part of them are in top quartile levels. 根據WANO（世界核電運行者協會）相關評價指標的評定，我國核電站的整體運行水平已進入國際中等偏上行列，部分指標已進入前四分之一行列。
CAEA Operation Annual Report says, “ the radioactive effluent discharges have been below the national limits since the first NPP put into operation. All plants have no adverse impact on the environment.”中國國家原子能機構核電運行年報稱：“已投運的核電廠放射性排出流的排放量均低于國家規定的排放限值，核電廠運行沒有給環境帶來不良影響。”
NUCLEAR POWER -- IMPORTANT ROLE IN LOCAL PROVINCES 核電在部分省區的重要作用
The available 3 sites已經建成了三個廠址:
Site Units in Output to the Ratio to total regional
Operation Grid in 2004 Elec. Generation
廠址 運行機組 上網電量(GWh) 占地區總發電量比例
Qinshan秦山 5 20489 18.62%
Daya Bay大亞灣 4 27312* 11.99%
*The part to Hongkong grid excluded（未含向香港供電量）。
Tianwan site: 2 Units will operate before end of 2006. Then total installed nuclear capacity in China will reach 10350MW. 田灣廠址兩臺機組將在2006年底投運，屆時全國核電總裝機容量將達1035萬千瓦。
NUCLEAR POWER ECONOMICS AFTER COAL PRICE UNLASHED 煤價放開后核電的經濟性
The coal price increased rapidly in coastal regions. Based on the coal price in September 2004, in those regions, where the coal price exceed 400 yuan/ton (about $50/ton), nuclear power has positive economical competitiveness to the coal power.
沿海地區煤價快速增長以2004年9月的煤價為基礎，列表數據表明，凡煤價超過400元/噸（約50美元/噸）的地區核電價對煤電價具有肯定的經濟競爭力。
Region Zhu river Yangzhi Bohai near coal at coal
delta delta Bay side mine mine
Coal price(yuan/ton) 600 500 400 300 200
Elec. Price to grid 487.4 442.8 398.2 353.6 307.0
(yuan/MWh)
Coal/Nuclear 1.255 1.140 1.025 0.911 0.791
EXPECTED DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF NUCLEAR POWER BEFORE 2020 （ 2020年前的預期發展目標）
The expected development goal of nuclear power in China before 2020 is to reach the total installed capacity of 40GW. To ensure the fulfillment of above goal, at least 2-3 units of 1000MW NPPs have to start construction each year from now on.
2020年前中國核電發展的預期目標為總裝機達到40GW，占據中國大陸電力總裝機量的4%。為確保完成這一目標，從現在起至少每年需要開工2--3臺百萬千瓦的核電機組。
Near-Term Program
(2005-2006) 近期規劃
--The extension of Qinshan II, units 3&4 (2X650MWe), will start construction in March 2006;
-- 秦山二期擴建3號和4號機組（2臺65萬千瓦），將于2006年3月開工。
--The extension of Lingao, units 3&4 (2X900MWe), unit3 started construction before the end of 2006. --嶺澳擴建3號和4號機組，其中3號機組已于2006年底前開工。
Medium-Term Program
(2007-2015)中期規劃
Evolution of 2nd generation design改進的第二代:
--Fangjiashan方家山(near Qinshan): 2X1000MW, (CNP1000);
--Tianwan 田灣 (Jiangsu province): 可建6X1000MW, PWR;
--Haiyang海陽 (Shandong province):可建6X1000MW, PWR;
--Hongyanhe紅沿河 (Liaoning province):可建6X1000MW, PWR;
First batch of 3rd generation design首批第三代:
--Sanmen 三門 (Zhejiang province): 2X1000/1500MW, PWR;
--Yangjiang 陽江 (Guangdong province): 2X1000/1500MW, PWR;
Long-Term Program (2015-2025)長期規劃
Advanced PWR 先進壓水堆（第三代）:
--Year 2012: Start construction of self-relied first advanced PWR (3-rd generation design), ACNP；2012年開工中國品牌的第三代壓水堆（第三代設計）首期工程，ACNP;
--After 2017: Batch construction of ACNP ;2017年后批量建設ACNP；
Fast Reactor快堆:
--Around 2008: Finish construction of China Experimental Fast Reactor (65MWe); 2008年建成中國實驗快堆；
--Around 2020: Construction of prototype fast reactor NPP (600/800MWe); 2020年建設原型快堆；
Other Innovative Reactors : --Integral PWR, PBMR, and SCWR
其它先進反應堆：一體化壓水堆，球床氣冷堆，超臨界水堆.
發展核電的方針是“以我為主，中外合作”
Policy of Development: Relying on ourselves, while encouraging SINO-Foreign Cooperation
The success of China’s nuclear power development has been benefited from good international cooperation surrounding. The further development will still need international support. The selection principles for foreign partners are as follows:
1, To provide mature and advanced technologies; 2, To make full use of available technical bases and help to localize the nuclear power in China; 3, To provide favorable economical cooperation conditions.
中國核電發展的成功得益于良好的國際合作環境，進一步的發展仍然離不開國際同行的合作和支持。選擇國際合作伙伴有三個原則：1、可以向中國提供成熟的、先進的技術；2、愿意充分利用我國原有的基礎，幫助中國核電的國產化；3、經濟上可以提供比較優惠的合作條件。
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